Hospitals & Asylums
State Mental
Institution Library Education (SMILE)
To
amend Chapter
4 Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital by replacing Subchapters I Establishment And Management;
Pensions, Moneys, And Appropriations and; Subchapter II Inmates; Burden Of
Expenses Thereof; Detention Of Insane; renumbering Subchapter III Mental Health
System for the District of Columbia to Article X, transfer §321-329
from Chapter 9 Hospitalization of the Mentally Ill National Returned from
Foreign Countries to Article 6 §189-194 of this Chapter, to
recognize the new occupants of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital as U.S. Customs, to
bring federal torture statute into compliance with the Convention against
Torture (CAT), to abolish civil commitments and prohibit judge enforced
medication, to terminate the license of all private psychiatric hospitals,
state mental institutions and general hospital psychiatric wards, other than
forensic, to transfer responsibility for Mental Health Courts to licensed
social workers with adequate supervised community shelter bed support, to
change the name of the Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration
(SAMHSA) to the Social Work Administration (SWA), to take responsibility for
the fact that antipsychotic and sleep aid drugs are the leading cause of lethal
drug overdose reported to the National Poison Control Center and that
withdrawal from antidepressant is peculiarly homicidal amongst hundreds of
minor side-effects, to recall all prescription psychiatric drugs, to cure the
dangerous autistic neuromuscular extra pyramidal and Tourette’s side-effects of
antipsychotic and childhood stimulant medication with FDA approved antiviral
flu drug Amantadine (Symmetrel), to recall that Zyprexa and alcohol has caused
millions of deaths in diabetics and the United States needs a more responsible
insulin manufacturer, to provide herbal alternatives for the treatment of
anxiety and depression including St. John’s wort for mild cases and Valerian
for more severe cases of nervous stress, lemon balm to soothe hyperactive
children and chamomile to fall into a restful sleep, but some people are
allergic, to avoid stimulants after noon, to implicate involuntary exposure to
DOM (dimethoxymethylamphetamine) by narcs causing a three day panic attack and
up to six months of mental illness if the patient is under stress or attempts
to quit smoking cigarettes, to implicate E.
coli and concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) pollution of the
groundwater and food as the leading cause of senility and generalized anxiety
disorder best treated with bottled water, metronidazole for infectious
ulcerative diarrhea, iron and vitamin B12 supplementation for
post-infectious diarrhea, and Stonebreaker herbal tincture for gluten
intolerant gallstones causing upper right abdominal quadrant pain in athletes,
to prescribe coffee and tea as the frontline hospitality for migraine and
bronchitis respectively.
Be the
Democratic and Republican (DR) two party system Abolished
1st
Draft August 2004, 2nd May 2005 3rd 28 February 2007, 4th
30 July 2007, 5th 20&22 April 2009, 6th 16 March
2011, 7th 7 March 2013
1.This Act may be titled the State
Mental Institution Library Education (SMILE) Act to express, in writing, the
idea that a free public library education is the ideal treatment for otherwise
unemployed people suffering from mental illness, the diagnosis of mental
illness or discrimination on the basis of alleged mentally illness (ami).
Under 24USC(9)§326
(1&2) a psychiatric hospital must release a patient in 48 hours from making
a request or begin judicial process in five days. No patient held without criminal charge, who
verbalizes their preference for community alternatives, whether or not they can
afford them, should be denied release. Timely torts regarding release
create an enforceable Mental Institution Relative Release Order Request (MIRROR). Should the
MIRROR be broken, community re-investment of the hospital shall be locally
enforced by social worker pursuant to
District of Columbia Mental Health System statute, as codified for St.
Elizabeth’s Hospital under 24USC(4)III§225. This Act establishes in the federal
government a Social Work Administration (SWA) to supersede the Substance Abuse
Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA).
This Act abolishes civil commitment, judge enforced medication and
psychiatric emergency services (PES). This Act seeks to terminate the licenses
of all inpatient psychiatric hospitals, private psychiatric hospitals, general
hospital psychiatric wards and state mental institutions, other than forensic.
This Act authorizes only licensed independent professional social workers to
judge mental health courts, tort claims, and refer patients to residential
treatment. Medical professionals are
reminded to treat the neuromuscular side-effects of antipsychotic and childhood
stimulant medication with Amantadine (Symmetrel). Antipsychotics and sleep aids are the leading
cause of fatal drug overdose. Neuromuscular side-effects have manifested in all
clinical trials of all antipsychotic drugs but Risperidone (Risperdal) that
causes baldness. Tricyclic
antidepressants have also been found to be potentially fatally neurotoxic at
regular doses and have been replaced with Supplemental Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to cause more than 200 minor side-effects
including a predictably peculiar homicidal tendency that is unscrupulously
exploited. Anxiety and depression are best treated with herbal teas
such as St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and milky oats (Avena sativa, A. fatua) are known to be an effective remedy for calming
hyperactive children. Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita and related species) will put you into a restful sleep, but some people are
allergic.
2.
This Act (1) recalls all prescription psychiatric medicine (2) abolishes civil
commitments to a psychiatric hospital
(3) terminates the licenses of all public and private psychiatric
hospitals, including general hospital psychiatric wards, except forensic
facilities for the criminally insane, (4) terminates Psychiatric Emergency
Services (PES) (5) terminates the psychiatric residency and medical specialty,
(6) terminates all funding for psychiatry and mental health, (7) finances
licensed social workers to treat the mentally ill and (8) changes the name of
the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to Social
Work Administration (SWA). (a) Reference
to the Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration 42USC(6A)IIIA§290aa
is amended to Social Work Administration, in the heading and at (a). (b) At 42USC(6A)IIIA§290aa-1(a)(1)(A)
reference to Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration is amended to
Social Work Administration. As of 2014
the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics has been
wrongly hacked or amended. The new
ethical code is wreaking havoc on the confidentiality of the non-profit
sector. Diabetics are dying because
licensed social workers, who might be educated on how to behave although the
once true internet ethical code has been hacked, remain inaccessible to the
non-profit sector free of psychiatric oversight and billing. The Code no longer forbids social workers
from testifying or b(k)illing a client, only deaths are confidential. Eli Lilly & Co. similarly bought an
injunction against millions of cases of Zyprexa and alcohol causing diabetes
and wrongful death in diabetics. A more
responsible U.S. manufacturer of insulin could not be fined $5 million for this
theft of trade secrets from the NASW Code of Ethics. Who hacked the American Medical Association
(AMA) Code of Medical Ethics around 2012?
Insulin dependent diabetics should be particularly alert for counterfeit
lethal injections and might try to wean themselves off the needle with oral
diabetes drugs. 50% of juvenile onset
diabetics die within 20 years of diagnosis.
If licensed social workers are to inherit the Mental Health Court, they
must surely prove the current version of the internet NASW Code of Ethics
wrong. No billing, no testifying, no
dying, no psychiatry. Diabetic Famine: Metronidazole, Vibramycin, and the
Unusual Treatment of Juvenile Onset Diabetes and Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy
HA-28-10-14 and
Government Publishing Office v. Microsoft Corporation HA-28-1-15.
3. St. Elizabeth’s
Hospital, was founded by Dorothea Dix in 1855 with a maximum capacity of
250. However by the 1940s, the Hospital complex covered over 300 acres
and housed 7,000 patients. It was the first and only federal mental facility
with a national scope. Politicians were importing mentally ill people. In
1987, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) acting in behalf of the
federal government transferred the hospital operations to the District of
Columbia, while retaining ownership of the western campus. Under the regulation
of the District of Columbia Council the patient population steadily declined,
and the Hospital now houses only 600 patients in 1992. In 2010 the Department of Homeland Security
assumed control of the property, wherefore the sixth draft makes technical
amendments, on the condition that Title 6 of USC and CFR be re-named
“Customs”. The World Health
Organization Report on Mental Health of November of 2001 estimates that
mental illness and psychological disorders stemming from substance abuse affect
a combined total of 450 million people, 7.3%, of the 6,137,000,000
global population. The Surgeon
General’s Report on Mental Health of 1999 stated that 55% of Americans
suffered from mental illness at some time in their life and 1 in 5 Americans
experience a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year, more than 5%
serious. Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death among 15
-24 year olds. In 1997 30,535 people died from suicide in the U.S. It was
the 11th leading cause of death in 2000 for all age groups.
The highest suicide rates are found in white men over the age of 85.
Twelve-month prevalence and severity of DSM-IV disorders,
2003
|
Total |
Serious |
Moderate
|
Mild |
|
|
|
%
|
%
|
% |
% |
|
I.
Any Mental Disorder |
26.2 |
22 |
35.5 |
37 |
|
One disorder |
14.4
|
9.7
|
31.1
|
52.4
|
|
Two disorders |
5.9
|
25.6
|
42
|
26
|
|
Three or more disorders |
5.9
|
48.9
|
39.9
|
10.1
|
|
II.
Any anxiety disorder |
18.2 |
22.5 |
33 |
44.4 |
|
Panic disorder |
2.7
|
45.1
|
27.5
|
27.4
|
|
Agoraphobia without panic |
0.8
|
37.3
|
33.3
|
29.5
|
|
Specific phobia |
8.7
|
21.5
|
29.6
|
48.8
|
|
Social phobia |
6.8
|
29.9
|
38.4
|
31.6
|
|
Generalized anxiety disorder |
2.7
|
29
|
46
|
25
|
|
Post-traumatic stress disorder |
3.6
|
36.6
|
32.6
|
30.3
|
|
Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
1.1
|
41.6
|
26.1
|
32.4
|
|
Separation anxiety disorder |
0.9
|
43.3
|
24.8
|
31.9
|
|
III.
Any mood disorder |
9.5 |
44.8 |
40.2 |
15.1 |
|
Major depressive disorder |
6.7
|
30.1
|
50.2
|
19.7
|
|
Dysthymia |
1.5
|
49.7
|
32.1
|
18.2
|
|
Bipolar I-II disorders |
2.6
|
82.9
|
17.1
|
0
|
|
III.
Any impulse‑control disorder |
8.9 |
33 |
51.5 |
15.5 |
|
Oppositional-defiant disorder |
1
|
49.6
|
40.3
|
10.1
|
|
Conduct disorder |
1
|
40.5
|
25
|
34.5
|
|
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder |
4.1
|
41.3
|
35.2
|
23.5
|
|
Intermittent explosive disorder |
2.6
|
23.6
|
74.6
|
1.8
|
|
IV.
Any substance disorder |
3.8 |
27.3 |
26.1 |
9.9 |
|
Alcohol abuse |
3.1
|
26.3
|
26.6
|
10.4
|
|
Alcohol dependence |
1.3
|
28.3
|
37
|
13.9
|
|
Drug abuse |
1.4
|
36.4
|
20.1
|
10.8
|
|
Drug dependence |
0.4
|
57.3
|
22.8
|
7.5
|
4. The most prevalent mental
diseases are; a. “major depressive disorder” affecting 9.9 million people or 5%
of the U.S. population every year; b “Bi-polar disorder” affecting 2.3 million
U.S. adults or 1.2 % of the U.S. population; c. “Schizophrenia” affecting 2.2
million U.S. adults about 1.1% of the U.S. population; d. “Anxiety disorders”
affecting 19.1 million U.S. adults; e. “panic disorder” is an anxiety disorder
that affects 2.4 million U.S. adults, f. “Generalized Anxiety Disorder” is an
anxiety disorder affecting 4.0 million or 2.8% of the populace, g. “Social
Phobia” affecting 5.3 million or 2.8% of the populace. h. “agoraphobia
and specific phobia” affects 5 million people. i. “Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder” is a disorder that affects 4.6% of school age
juveniles. j. “Alzheimer’s disease” affects an estimated 4 million senior
citizens. k. According to US Army reports the suicide rate for American
soldiers serving in Iraq is 17.3 per 100,000, nearly five time the rate for the
Gulf War and 11% higher than for Vietnam. Over 19% of OIF veterans and
almost 12% of OEF veterans reported some mental health concerns (e.g., PTSD,
depression, and anxiety). Nearly 10% of OIF veterans and 5% of OEF
veterans reported symptoms of PTSD. Even when using a strict definition
of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, they found that 8% of those surveyed reported
anxiety, 8% reported depression, and 13% acknowledged PTSD-type symptoms.
The National Vietnam Veterans Survey (1990) found that 15% of veterans surveyed
could be diagnosed with PTSD at the time of the survey, but that as many as 30%
of veterans eventually developed PTSD at some point following their combat
experience. During
1999 there were 1.7 million admissions to inpatient psychiatric treatment.
424,450 were involuntary commitments. In 2000 at the Conference on the
Report of the Surgeon General Ohio Director of Mental Health Mike Hogan PhD
promised to, “close all state mental institutions and private psychiatric
hospitals to provide unimpeded access to community mental health.” On
June 18, 2001 President Bush signed E.O. 13217 Community Based Alternatives
for Individuals with Disabilities to (1) commit the United States to
community based alternatives for individuals with disabilities (2) community
programs foster independence (3) unjustified isolation or segregation through
institutionalization is prohibited (4) states must take responsibility to place
people with mental disabilities in community settings (5) states must ensure
that all Americans have the right to live close to their families and friends,
to live independently, to engage in productive employment and to participate in
community life. WHO recommends that in the future, “governments take
responsibility for providing treatment for mental disorders within primary
care; ensuring that psychotropic drugs are available; replacing large custodial
mental hospitals with community care facilities backed by general hospital
psychiatric beds and home care support.”
Dr. Hogan was appointed head of the New Freedom Commission
on Mental Health in April 2002 by the President of the United States
as a commitment to eliminate inequality for Americans with disabilities.
5. Although the number of resident
patients has gone down the overall number of admissions has increased. In
1963, when the Community Mental Health Center Construction Act was passed, the
median stay in a psychiatric hospital was 17 days and mean 20 days. In
1975 the median stay was 6.7 days and the mean 11 days. Since the 1950’s
public funding policy has been to close state mental institutions in support of
community based care. The number of patient care episodes has both
greatly increased and become increasingly directed to less than 24-hour
treatment facilities. In 1955 there were 1.7 million care episodes
of which 77% were treated in 24-hour care facilities. By 1971 there were
4.1 million cases of which 58% were treated in less than 24 hours, by 1998 11
million care episodes were treated only 24% of the time in 24-hour treatment
centers. The numbers show that de-institutionalization policies
between 1970 and 1998 have been successful in reducing the supply of totally
government funded psychiatric beds by a total of 376,704. State and
county mental institutions having reduced their number of inpatient beds from
413,066 in 1970 to 63,525 in 1998. Likewise VA medical center psychiatric
beds went down from 50,688 in 1970 to 13,301 in 1998. To compensate private
psychiatric hospitals, non-federal general hospital and residential centers for
emotionally disturbed children that are funded 68% by private clients’ HMO have
increased 51,348 beds. Between 1970 and 1998 Private psychiatric
hospitals have increased in patient population from 14,295 to 33,635,
Non-federal general hospital psychiatric wards have increased from 22,394 to
54,266, residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children
increased from 15,129 to 33,483. The total number inpatient beds of all
“mental institutions” declined from 515,572 in 1970 to 198,195 in 1998.
The objective is to increase the number of residential beds and reduce the
number inpatient beds.
6. Unlike
other medical specialties the quality of care for Americans with mental
health problems remains as poor today as it was several years ago. This
comes after decades of political improvement. Patients on antidepressant
medication are about as likely to receive appropriate care today as they were
in 1999. Similarly, patients hospitalized for mental illness are only
marginally likely to receive appropriate follow-up care according to the
National Committee for Quality Assurance in 2006. Even more alarming, Joseph Parks of the Missouri Department of Mental
Health reports that people with serious mental illness die at age 51, on
average, compared with 76 for Americans overall. Their odds of dying from
the following causes, compared with the general population. 3.4 times
more likely to die of heart disease. 3.4 times more likely to die of
diabetes. 3.8 times more likely to die of accidents. 5 times more
likely to die of respiratory ailments. 6.6 times more likely to die of
pneumonia or influenza. Adults with serious mental illness treated in
public systems die about 25 years earlier than Americans overall, a gap that's
widened since the early '90s when major mental disorders cut life spans by 10
to 15 years. Psychiatric
medication has become an accepted method for treating mental illness since the
deinstitutionalization movement began in the 1950s. Mental illnesses are among the most common
conditions affecting health today: One in five American adults suffers a
diagnosable mental illness in any six month period. According to the National
Institute of Mental Health, though, some 90 percent of these people will
improve or recover if they get treatment. Most will recover on their own without
treatment, meditation is typically the best medicine. Adult
use of antidepressants almost tripled between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000. Ten
percent of women 18 and older and 4 percent of men now take antidepressants.
The use of psychotropic drugs in children has risen 327% between 1985 and 1999.
Prescription psychiatric medicine,
neuroleptics; hypnotics (sleep aids) and antipsychotics have become the most
frequent cause of fatal drug overdose reported to Poison Control Centers, and
childhood stimulants and antidepressants the fifth. A hypnotic is a drug that produces
sleep, a sedative is one used to relieve tension and anxiety. The most commonly used hypnotics and
sedatives are the barbiturates but opiates ovderdoses have increased tenfold
over the past 11 years. Anxiety and depression are best treated with herbal
teas such as St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and milky oats (Avena sativa, A. fatua) are known to be an effective remedy for calming
hyperactive children. Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita and related species) will put you into a restful sleep, but some people are
allergic. The
Social Readjustment Ratings Scale, devised by the American doctors T.H. Holmes
and R.H. Rahe, is a guide to assessing the potentially stress-inducing factors
that may be affecting you at any particular point in your life. The 41 positive and negative life events in
the chart have each been assigned a value according to the amount of physical
and/or mental adjustment required to cope with the event. Those scoring more than 300 units in any one
year may have a greatly increased risk of illness. Bringing your score down to 150-299 reduces
this risk by 30 per cent, while a score of 150 or fewer carries with it only a
slight risk of illness. Since individual
responses to particular situations vary so greatly, you should regard your
score as only a crude indicator of the way you are reacting to levels of
stress. Many doctors today accept that 75 percent of illness is caused by
stress related conditions. Stress is not
all negative. It can be a very positive
feature in our lives.
|
Life event |
Life change units |
|
Death of a spouse |
100 |
|
Divorce |
73 |
|
Marital separation |
65 |
|
Imprisonment |
63 |
|
Death of a close family member |
63 |
|
Personal injury or illness |
53 |
|
Marriage |
50 |
|
Dismissal from Work |
47 |
|
Martial reconciliation |
45 |
|
Change in health of a family member |
44 |
|
Pregnancy |
40 |
|
Sexual difficulties |
39 |
|
Gain of new family member |
39 |
|
Business readjustment |
39 |
|
Change in financial state |
38 |
|
Change in frequency of arguments with spouse |
35 |
|
Major mortgage |
32 |
|
Foreclosure of mortgage or loan |
30 |
|
Change in responsibilities at work |
29 |
|
Son or daughter leaving home |
29 |
|
Trouble with in-laws |
29 |
|
Outstanding personal achievement |
28 |
|
Spouse begins or stops work |
26 |
|
Begin or end school |
26 |
|
Change in living conditions |
25 |
|
Revision of personal habits |
24 |
|
Trouble with boss |
23 |
|
Change in working hours or conditions |
25 |
|
Change in residence |
20 |
|
Change in schools |
20 |
|
Change in recreation |
19 |
|
Change in church activities |
19 |
|
Change in social activities |
18 |
|
Minor mortgage or loan |
17 |
|
Change in sleeping habits |
16 |
|
Change in number of family reunions |
15 |
|
Change in eating habits |
15 |
|
Vacation |
13 |
|
Christmas |
12 |
|
Minor violation of the law |
11 |
7. Antipsychotic medication and child stimulants such as
Ritalin have all been found to cause neuromuscular tics, known as extra pyramidal
side effects and Tourette’s syndrome, respectively. In general, it is estimated that forty to
fifty percent of medications are overused and mis-prescribed, especially
tranquilizers (including barbiturate and opiate sleeping pills and mind-altering
drugs particularly antipsychotic medication), cardiovascular drugs and
gastrointestinal drugs. The medications
used to treat heart disease, high blood pressure and vascular disease are also
widely abused. Let it be known Hawthorne
is the supreme herb for the heart. First
generation antipsychotics caused a 30 percent chance of permanently disabling
tardive dyskinesia for every year of use.
With the exception of Risperdone (Rispderdal) that causes premature
baldness in males, all second generation atypical antipsychotic drugs,
including Lithium, are known to cause potentially life-threatening
neuromuscular side-effects, known as extra-pyramidal symptoms, with just one
regular dose, which is typically achieved gradually while under professional
supervision in a psychiatric hospital.
Any prescription for antipsychotic medicine other than Risperidone
(Risperdal) should be presumed to be medical malpractice and discontinued or
changed to Risperdal (Risperidone) if concerned about a violent withdrawal.
Extra-pyramidal side-effects of antipsychotic drugs can manifest after taking
so little as one dose and may last until treated. The symptoms present as neuromuscular tics
that seize the face, arms are generally clenched, there is extreme anxiety to
walk around which inhibits socialization.
The FDA approved, but untried, remedy, is the Parkinson’s antiviral drug
Amantadine (Symmetrel), to replace Cogentin (benztropine mesylate) which cured
extrapyramidal side-effects in minutes, in just one dose, but was withdrawn
from the market in time to explain the recent increase in autistic tics, since
second generation atypical antipsychotic medicine seized the market. One half or one quarter dose, of either of
these Parkinson’s drugs, is worth a try to permanently cure autistic tics in
children and infants. If Amantadine
doesn’t cure autistic disorders don’t settle for less than Cogentin. Amantadine (Symmetrel) must be made available
to all people prescribed antipsychotic and childhood stimulant drug
prescriptions to eliminate the risk of neuromuscular side-effects and should
sponsor a drug trial to see if a half dose for children and quarter dose for
infants will permanently cure autistic tics.
Just think: how many autistic children a school nurse might heal with
one package of Amantadine (Symmetrel) and how many more with state sponsored
manufacturing of Cogentin (Benztropine mesylate)?
8. Benzodiazepines are named for their
chemical structure, benzodiazepines are frequently used for the acute symptoms of
anxiety because they are very effective and work within an hour but they are
addicting. They can be used
intermittently, an attribute that some people find attractable. Immediate side effects include sedation, poor
physical coordination, and memory impairment. Daily use for months can dull
your emotions, impair cognitive skills and contribute to depression. Even if benzos help you initially, learn and
use alternative methods of managing anxiety so you can get off of them when you
are not stressed. Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are named for their action in the brain and
initially marketed for depression, SSRIs have proved to enormously helpful for
people with different syndromes of anxiety.
They need to be taken every day and generally take some weeks to become
effective, so they are not useful for acute anxiety. Their day to day side effects are minimal in
most people, although some people experience fatigue and a few become agitated. Most people notice decreased sexual drive and
impaired sexual response. Tricyclic
Antidepressants (TCAs) are named for their chemical structure. TCA are effective for some forms of anxiety.
They need to be taken every day and generally take some weeks to become
effective, so they are not useful for acute anxiety. They have been supplanted by other drugs,
notably the SSRIs, because of their tendency to cause weight gain, dry mouth,
constipation, sweating and light-headedness due to low blood pressure. Tricyclic antidepressants have a desired therapeutic
activity at low does, but produce life-threatening anticholinergic effects at
high doses. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) are named
for their action in the brain. MAOIs are
very effective. They must be taken every
day, and they take weeks to become effective. Common side effects include
weight gain, dry mouth, insomnia, impaired sexual response, and
light-headedness due to low blood pressure.
Their most troubling side-effect is the potential to cause a stroke if
you ingest adrenaline or adrenaline-like substances. MAOIs can be used only with a fairly strict
diet that avoids food or medicines that contain adrenaline or adrenaline-like
substances. These include cough and cold
medicines and a variety of food products such as aged cheese and processed
meats. MAOIs need to be used with extra
caution. Low doses are often not
effective for depression, however.
Buspirone is also sometimes used in chronic anxiety but has not been
found to be effective. When the
manufacturer Eli Lilly claimed Prozacwas mostly free of side effects, the FDA
immediately objected. Such claims were
inconsistent with the product labeling that states 15% of the patients in
clinical trials discontinued due to adverse experiences. The FDA demanded that Lilly stop making such
unfair claims. In fact, the label
disclosure statement shows that Prozac has been linked to an astounding 242
different side effects, including 34 different medical problems in the genital
and urinary tract alone. Over a ten-year
period Prozac was associated with more hospitalizations, death or other serious
adverse reactions reported to the FDA than any other drug in America. Two similar drugs for depression, Paxil and
Zoloft, are of similar toxicity. 20 Unusually toxic drugs are drugs that are
linked to more than 50 different side effects. To meet the unusually toxic
test, these many adverse effects must also occur so frequently that at least 10
percent of the patients discontinued the drug during testing. Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil. Have been known to cause more than two
hundred different adverse effects. Eli
Lilly prevailed upon the U.S. District Court for an injunction against millions
of reports of its blockbuster drug Zyprexa causing widespread diabetes in consumers,
with millions of fatalities particularly when mixed with alcohol. Marketing of the Zyprexa beginning in the
1990s coincides with a doubling of the national incidence of diabetes.
9. 5 HTP is a highly recommended and sold over
the counter treatment for depression. 5HTP is a serotonin precursor and can
help the body to make more serotonin and leave the available serotonin in
synapses for a longer period of time, therefore directly affecting mood and
warding off depressive symptoms. 5 HTP
can also help with insomnia, agitation, fatigue and lack of motivation. It is often helpful in chronic pain
situations because it increases sleep needed for healing, improves mood and
decreases sensation of pain. Again 5 HTP
should not be used with other antidepressant medications, especially selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. 5- HTP 100 mg two times daily. SAMe
can be helpful in the treatment of depression.
It acts as methyl donor and can help the body to complete and maximize
its nerve connections in the brain. SAMe
has antioxidant activity therefore will help to reduce free radical damage in
the body. SAMe can help the body’s
methyl metabolism improve, therefore functioning to increase energy, improve
cognitive function and decrease pain.
SAMe has also been used to treat osteoarthritis, response tends to be
noticed within the first month of use.
Insomnia, anxiety or mania states can be associated with overuse of
SAMe. Do not use SAMe with other antidepressant
medications, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It may cause life-threatening symptoms
(including agitation, tremors, anxiety, rapid heartbeats, difficulty breathing,
diarrhea, shivering, muscle stiffness and excessive sweating). SAMe dosage 400 mg daily. St.
John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) can
be very effective for treating mild depression, anxiety, stress, tension, nerve
damage, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
To be effective against stress and depression, St. John’s wort needs to
be taken over a 2 to 3 week period, and it is often cycled over several months
to treat chronic depression and stress.
Hypericin, one of the herb’s active constituents, increases the
metabolism of serotonin and melatonin, which aid the body’s ability to receive
and store light. Hyperforin, another
important constituent, contributes to emotional stability by slowing the uptake
of those “feel-good” neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and
noradrenaline, allowing them to circulate longer in the body. Valerian rootValeriana officinalis is one the safest
and most powerful herbal nervines, used for all manner of stress, insomnia and
anxiety. Valerian is a remedy primarily
for stress, tension, insomnia and nervous system disorders. Studies show that
it works by depressing activity in the central nervous system and relaxing the
smooth muscles of the uterus, colon and bronchial passages. Two compounds, valerenic acid and valerenal,
have been found to induce sleep and indirectly raise levels of
gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter that decreases central
nervous-system activity and acts as a muscle relaxant. Valerian is effective
both as a long-term nerve tonic and as a remedy for acute nerve problems such
as headaches and pain. For those people
for whom valerian works, it works well.
Some people find it irritating and stimulating, rather than
relaxing. The root is rich in
isovalerenic and valerenic acids, which give it powerful nervine
properties. Because of the volatile nature
of its aromatic oils, valerian root is generally infused rather than decocted. Generally considered safe. If you take too much valerian you’ll begin to
have rubbery-like feeling in your muscles, like they are too relaxed, or a
feeling of heaviness. Cut back the
dosage so that you feel relaxed but alert.
Avoid taking large doses of valerian for an extended period of time,
instead, use modest doses for just 2 to 3 weeks, with a week’s break before you
begin taking the doses again.
10. Sleep aids are ranked with antipsychotic drugs as the leading
cause of fatal drug overdose. A survey
by the National Institutes of Health conducted in the 1970s revealed that 17
percent of the total population was bothered greatly by insomnia, and among
older people the percentage was even higher, with one out over four people over
the age of 60 reporting serious sleep difficulties. About 10 billion sedative
doses are manufactured each year in the United States. Each year, at least 10 million Americans
consult physicians about their sleep, and about half of them receive
prescriptions for sleeping pills.
Barbiturates are all
synthetic compounds derived from barbituric acid, which is a combination of
urea and malonic acid. Barbiturates,
commonly known as sleeping pills, produce all degrees of depression, ranging
from mild sedation to coma. They depress
brain function, and in large doses the rhythm of respiration. The fatality rate is higher for barbiturates
than any other type of addiction (more than 3000 barbiturate suicides per year,
or 20% of all suicides in the United States, and more than 1500 deaths from
accidental poisonings). Alcohol
potentiates the barbiturates, the two depressant are synergistic and the
practice of using both undoubtedly accounts for the unusually high number of
accidental self-poisonings and death from respiratory depression. Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita and
related species are useful for going into a deep, restful sleep. Chamomile is a popular remedy for calming
colic and childhood digestive issues.
Some people are allergic to chamomile. Opioid
drugs, which include OxyContin, Vicodin and methadone, overdose deaths have
increased for the past 11 years. Only 17
percent of these deaths were suicides, meaning the vast majority were
unintentional overdoses. The Department of Justice reported that fatal
overdoses from methadone increased from 500 in 1999 to more than 5,000 in 2006. Narcotics, also known as opioids, are derived from opium (Papaverum somniferum) that has been used
for pain relief for thousands of years.
Opioids are the frontline against severe pain whereas other
non-addictive painkillers are under development. Percocet is usually prescribed for the first
few days, then Oxycontin for more prolonged pain. These drugs work on the central nervous
system, as muscle relaxants do. They are addictive, but mild and graduated
dosing and withdrawal help reduce or prevent the cravings and withdrawal
symptoms. Most patients fear becoming
addicted but unless they have a history of addiction, this is a worry that is
not likely to come true. When chronic,
severe pain goes untreated or is inadequately treated, problems can also arise,
and those problems can become permanent.
Continuing, urgent pain signals from nerves can result in
hypersensitivity in the injured area.
Potent opioids commonly use in the postoperative patient are morphine,
Dilaudid, and rarely, Demerol. In some
cases, a superpotent synthetic narcotic, fentanyl, is used
postoperatively. Fentanyl is about 100
times more potent than morphine in relieving pain. Weak opioids drugs, like Darvocet and
Vicodin, are widely prescribed narcotics for mild to moderate pain following
surgery. Codeine is another weak opioid
available in liquid form and more commonly used for mild to moderate pain in
the pediatric population. Narcotic
Antagonists prevent or abolish excessive respiratory depression caused by the
administration of morphine or related compounds. Naltrexone became
clinically available in 1985 as a new narcotic antagonist. Its actions resemble
those of naloxone (Narcan), but naltrexone is well absorbed orally and is long
acting, necessitating only a dose of 50 to 100 mg. The State must ensure
that Narcotic Antagonists are provided as rescue medicine with all opioid
prescriptions. The disclosure of patient
residential address by the pharmacy to the breaking and entering of the state
office of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is probably the greatest
aspect of opioid overdose risk, that can be reduced by state law abolishing the
DEA reporting requirement of patient address under the Health Insurance Protection and Portability
Act Pub.L. 104–191, 110 Stat. 1936, enacted August
21, 1996; and possibly eliminated by
transferring the agency to the state Department of Health and prepared Drug
Evaluation Agency (DEA) in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
federally.
Sanders, Tony J. Chapter 4:
State Mental Institution Library Education (SMILE). 8th Draft. 126
pgs. Hospitals& Asylums. 7 April 2015. www.title24uscode.org/SMILE.doc
Test Questions www.title24uscode.org/smiletest.doc