Hospitals & Asylums
To transfer Chapter 1 Navy Hospitals, Army and Navy Hospital, and Hospital Relief for Seamen and Others to Chapter 10 Armed Forces Retirement Home, change the name of the Department of Defense (DoD) to Military Department (MD) with consent of the American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs; prohibit use of force, thermal oceanic dumping, military biological experimentation and damaging environmental modification research; cap emissions; limit military spending to no more than $400 billion annually, sell surplus military assets to the most peaceful bidder; eliminate nuclear arsenals, pay taxes, typically one third of operating costs, ie. payroll and corporate profits, less social insurance and deductibles, to the general treasury of all occupied developing nations; pay back taxes where there has been conflict; purchase rights to African Command, Iraq Reconstruction Fund and US/Afghan Peace Treaty from the Author; and elect a civilian Secretary for the Department.
1.This Act transfers the contents of Title 24 Chapter
One Navy Hospitals, Naval Home, Army and other Naval Hospital, and Hospital
Relief for Seamen and Others §1-40
to Chapter 10 Armed Forces Retirement Home §400-435
and writes a whole new Chapter on military democracy. Legitimate
objectives of 2010 are (a) paying reasonable taxes to occupied developing
nations, whereby military assistance is not deductible; public works and social
insurance are (b) back taxes to the Treasuries of Afghanistan and Iraq for the
cost of peace dividends, (c) cessation of Pashtun northern Pakistan to
Afghanistan for a connecting highway, (d) peace in the construction of a
Palestinian Supreme Court, (e) mobilization of African Command. The United States has the
best-trained, most effective military in the world. The Department
employs an estimated 2.8 million people, 1.1 million active duty troops,
700,000 civilian employees and 1.1 million in the Reserve and National
Guard. The military is an all-volunteer
force. It is the largest standing army
with the largest military expenditures of any nation. There are an estimated 2.4 million US
troops, with an FY 2010 budget of $611 billion, more than 33% of crude military
expenditures of as much as $1.5 trillion. Effort must be made to limit military
spending and for a world free of nuclear weapons.
Deployment of 2.4 million US
military personnel
1. There were a total of 1,425,867 active duty US soldiers
2. There are an estimated 1.28 million Ready and Stand-by Reserves in the USA
3. There are an estimated 669,000 Civilian Employees
4. Defense employees are deployed in more than 146 countries
5. 473,881 troops and civilians are overseas both afloat and ashore
6. In March 31, 2004 there were 110,494 US soldiers deployed in NATO
countries.
7. 101,610 deployed in Asian Pacific nations.
8. 211,028 were deployed in Operation Iraq Freedom.
9. nearly 10,000 are deployed in Afghanistan.
10. 2,201 are deployed in the western hemisphere.
11. 770 are deployed in Sub-Saharan Africa
2. The Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were established in 1775, in concurrence with the American Revolution. On June 30, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established 69 Articles of War to govern the conduct of the Continental Army. The War Department was established in 1789, and was the precursor to what is now the Department of Defense. On April 10, 1806, the first United States Congress enacted 101 Articles of War, which were not significantly revised until over a century later. The Department of Defense (DoD) was named in the Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 of July 22, 1949. The military justice system continued to operate under the Articles of War until May 31, 1951, when the Uniform Code of Military Justice went into effect. The President of the United States is the Commander-in-Chief, the Secretary of Defense the highest ranking civilian military official and Joint Forces Command is the highest level of military leadership. The war-making power of the President is limited by Congress. James Madison declared that it is necessary to adhere to the `fundamental doctrine of the Constitution that the power to declare war is fully and exclusively vested in the legislature'. In 1793, President George Washington, when considering how to protect inhabitants of the American frontier, instructed his Administration that `no offensive expedition of importance can be undertaken until after Congress has deliberated upon the subject, and authorized such a measure'. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson sent a small squadron of frigates to the Mediterranean to protect against possible attacks by the Barbary powers; he told Congress that he was `unauthorized by the Constitution, without the sanction of Congress, to go beyond the line of defense' and that it was up to Congress to authorize `measures of offense also’. DoD is so patently offensive to the integrity of the Military Department (MD) that the name of the Department must be changed to align the military against death and disease rather than with Congress or the President or otherwise in contempt of Court.
3. The Department’s financial management environment is complex and diverse. Its FY 2006 financial statements included $1.4 trillion in assets and nearly $2 trillion in liabilities. The Military Retirement Fund accounts for 15 percent of the Department-wide assets and 49 percent of the liabilities. The Department is the federal government’s single largest agency, and receives more than half the discretionary amount of the federal budget. During FY 2006, the Department made over $700 billion in payments to individuals and a variety of other entities. During FY 2006, the Department received $594.7 billion in appropriations from the Congress. In FY 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 military spending is estimated at $560.5 billion, $617.8 billion, $629 billion, $572.9 billion and $558.4 billion respectively. A Military budget of $400 billion after $60 billion reduction in superfluous Cold War armament and weapons maintenance is possible with the redeployment of troops from Iraq. In the 2007 defense budget: $111 billion (about 25 percent) will be spent on the pay and benefits of 1.4 million active duty and 800,000 selected or ready reserve military personnel. (The pay of a reservist who is mobilized or called to active duty, as 400,000 have been since September 11, is funded in the supplemental appropriation.) The Pentagon spends $154 billion or 33 percent of its budget on routine operating and maintenance costs for its 21 Army and Marine active and reserve ground divisions, 11 Navy Carrier battle groups, and 31 Air Force, Navy and Marine air wings. Included in this are pay and benefits for the 700,000 civilians employed by the Department of Defense. Another $174 billion or 38 percent of the budget goes for new investment. This is broken down into $84 billion for buying new planes and ships and tanks; $73 billion for doing research and developing and testing new weapons; and $17 billion for building the facilities for the troops and equipment. The vast majority of the final 5 percent or $24 billion is spent by the Department of Energy on maintaining and safeguarding 10,000 nuclear weapons. All unspent money should be returned at the end of the fiscal year to the General Treasury to reduce the deficit. Foreign occupying powers should pay taxes to their host nations on the condition that those nations are democratic and developing.
Long Range DoD
Appropriations Forecast 2005-2011 (in billions)
|
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
|
DoD |
483.9 |
468.2 |
441 |
464.2 |
483.8 |
493.9 |
504.2 |
|
Total National Defense |
505.8 |
491.8 |
463 |
485.2 |
505.3 |
515.3 |
526.1 |
|
S Con Res 21 Budget Authority |
|
|
619.4 |
648.8 |
584.7 |
545.3 |
551.1 |
|
S Con Res 21 Out lays |
|
|
560.5 |
617.8 |
626.9 |
572.9 |
558.4 |
|
Ideal |
|
|
441 |
580 |
611 |
500-400 |
400 |
4. The prevailing economic theory is that nations at war operate on a deficit and the people tire of the burden. In WWII the military was 34.5% of the GDP and 82.5% of the federal budget. During the Korean War it was 11.7% of the GDP and 57.2% of the federal budget. During the Vietnam War it 8.9% of the GDP and 43.4% of the federal budget. During Gulf War it was 4.5% of the GDP and 19.8% of federal spending. Currently during the Global War on Terrorism military spending is 3.9% of the GDP and 19.3% of federal spending. During the Clinton administration defense spending was kept at less than $300 billion and the number of active duty troops declined to less than 1 million and there was peace except for the former Yugoslavia. After WWII the federal government immediately balanced the budget. The Korean War was fought effortlessly. The deficit did not become significant until the Vietnam War when it was 3.2% of the GDP in 1968 and 2.4% in 1971. In 1982 the federal budget deficit exceeded $100 billion, 3.7% of the GDP. Dramatically increasing military spending caused the deficit to rise as high as $208 billion in 1983, 6% of the GDP, a post WWII record, and $238 billion in 1986, 5.4% of the GDP. Defense spending increased to $300 billion in 1989. An effort was made in the 1990s to keep military spending less than $300 billion and by 1998 the budget deficit was only 0.3% and in 1999 and 2000 there was actually a budget surplus, of $1.8 billion and $87 billion respectively, the first since 1960. The suicide attacks of 9-11 triggered the nearly $1 trillion cost of the War against Terror and military spending increased from $505.8 billion in 2005 to $619.4 billion in 2007, $648.8 billion in 2008, $611 billion in 2009, 545.3 billion in 2010, and not to exceed $400 billion annually for a completely balanced budget 2011-2015. The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) requires the US, who has 10,000 warheads, to have no more than 1,700 and 2,200 nuclear warheads by 2012. The elimination of various Cold War weapons systems could save $50 billion annually. Redeployment from Iraq can save another $50 billion a year. Unethical military research, offensive military occupations destructive to human life and property and all excess military finance must be eliminated to achieve a military spending limit of $400 billion a year until 2015 that could completely balance the budget deficit, or some compromise, the rule of thumb is, the less military spending, the more peace, the more peace, the more prosperity, the more prosperity, the more income, the more tax revenues, the more military security.
5. The United States, to date, has fought a total of 13 wars and suffered an estimated 1.3 million casualties. War is defined as a military conflict, either international or domestic, that takes the lives
of more than 1,000 people. Not including hundreds of Indian wars fought during American westward expansion ending in 1888, and other smaller conflicts such as the Barbary Wars (1801-05 & 1815) and the Quasi-War (1798-1800) the United States has officially fought a total of thirteen wars, suffering an estimated 1.3 million casualties. Nearly half of US casualties were incurred by the Civil War when 625,000 US and Confederate soldiers lost their lives. Advances in military technology such as rapid fire rifles and explosives have made the 20th century the most violent in human history. Around the world nearly three times as many people were killed in conflict in the twentieth century as in the previous four, not very peaceful, centuries combined, with 109.7 million conflict related deaths, 4.35% of the general population, based upon mid century population. Mega murder, the death of more than 1 million people, has become common in modern military conflicts. Beginning with the occupation of the Philippines, when civilian casualties may have reached a million, to WWI when 19 million died, to WWII when 55 million were killed to Korea and Vietnam where more than 2 million were killed in each conflict to the invasion of Iraq since when 1.3 million people have died so the United States and coalition forces could enjoy kill ratios of one hundred to one. Afghanistan war with the Soviets (1980-88) cost 2 million their lives. The 10,000 Taliban fighters, 101,000 coalition troops and 30,000-50,000 casualties 2001-2009 of the current War in Afghanistan are peaceful by comparison. The foreign occupying power shall strive to continually reduce casualties and use of force incidences and shall gainfully occupy them paying income taxes and engaging in public works for the benefit of the people and Treasury of Afghanistan, the poorest Islamic country. Independent body counts of the Iraq War have dramatically increased their estimated from the hundreds of thousands to as much as 1.3 million deaths (2009) that could have been prevented if the US and NATO had not intervened in Iraq, the first mega-murder of the 21st century. 1.3 Million US Soldier Casualties of War
1. In the American Revolutionary War 1775-83 an estimated 25,000 US soldiers were killed and another 25,000 were wounded.
2. In the War of 1812-15 an estimated 20,000 US soldiers died and 4,505 were wounded.
3. In the Mexican war 1846-48 13,282 US soldiers died and 13,800 were wounded.
4. In the Civil War 1861-65 an estimated 625,000 US soldiers died, 364,511 from the Union and 260,000 from the Confederates, 281,881 Union soldiers were wounded.
5. In the Spanish-American War 345 US soldiers died, 1,645 were wounded and 2,565 diseased, at least 10,660 Cubans were killed and 3,560 Spaniard were killed and 13,500 wounded or diseased.
6. In the Philippine War 1898-1902 4,196 US soldiers died and 2,930 were wounded. An estimated 16,000 Philippine soldiers died and 250,000 – 1million civilians lost their lives.
7. In World War I 1917-18 116,516 US soldiers died and 204,002 were wounded. An estimated 19 million civilians were killed, including 9 million soldiers from both sides, and 21 million wounded.
8. In World War II 1941-45 405,399 US soldiers died and 670,846 were wounded. An estimated 55 million civilians were killed.
9. In the Korean War 1950-53 36,516 US soldiers died and 103,284 were wounded. More than 2 million Koreans died.
10. In the Vietnam War 1964-73 58,151 US soldiers died and 153,303 were wounded. More than 2 million Vietnamese were killed.
11. In the first Gulf War 1990-91 299 US soldiers died and 467 were wounded. An estimated 25,000 civilians were killed.
12.
In the War in Afghanistan 2001-present 923 US soldiers died and at least 4,565 were wounded.
An estimated 30,000-50,000 civilians have been killed.
13. In the Iraq War 2003-present 4,369 US soldiers died and at least 31,572 were wounded. 1.3 million excess Iraqi deaths are estimated.
6. Even in times of war, it is strangely disease that is the most prolific killer of both soldiers and civilians, however medical and military technological advances have made it so that more soldiers are hospitalized for disease than combat related injuries. Since WWII world poverty has overtaken war as the greatest source of avoidable human misery. More people, some 300 million, have died from hunger and remediable diseases in peacetime in the seventeen years since the end of the Cold War than have perished from wars, civil wars and government repression over the entire twentieth century. Some 830 million human beings are chronically undernourished, 1.1 billion lack access to safe water, 2.6 billion lack access to basic sanitation, 2 billion lack access to essential drugs, 1 billion lack adequate shelter, and 2 billion lack electricity, 774 million adults are illiterate and 218 million children between five and seventeen do wage work outside of the household. The great catastrophe of human poverty is ongoing, as is the annual toll of 18 million. We face victims of natural calamities, victims of historical or contemporary wrongs such as colonialism, slavery and genocide, some committed by our own country, and victims of domestic injustice associated with race, gender, ethnic identity, religion or social class. Modern welfare programs such as social security are modeled after veteran’s pensions. As early as 1799, contributions of 20 cents per month were taken from every active duty member for the relief of seamen in the service. As of September 30, 2006, there were an estimated 24,000,000 living US veterans 7.8 percent of the total estimated resident population of the United States and Puerto Rico are recipients, or potential recipients, of veterans' benefits from the Federal Government. For fiscal year 2008, it is estimated that there will be 5,800,000 veterans seeking medical care from the Federal Government, and that 2,800,000 veterans will receive compensation for service-related conditions.
26.4 million Veterans in the US, 2004
Veterans August 1990 or later (inc. Gulf War) . . . 3,024,503
September 1980 to July 1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . … . 3,806,602
May 1975 to August 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775,492
Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975) . . . . . ...8,380,356
February 1955 to July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . …. ..4,355,323
Korean War (June 1950 to January 1955) . . . …..4,045,521
World War II (September 1940 to July 1947) …..5,719,898
7. The United States is a liberal democracy. The fundamental principle of democratic peace theory is that democratic nations do not attack other democratic nations. “Liberal régimes" have
market or private property economics. A democracy is meant as a liberal democracy, where those who hold power are elected in competitive elections with a secret ballot and wide franchise (loosely understood as including at least 2/3rds of adults); where there is freedom of speech, religion, and organization; and a constitutional framework of law to which the government is subordinate and that guarantees equal rights. To improve international socio-economic cooperation to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) for 2015 all 500,000 US
troops stationed abroad shall pay 1/3 of their operating costs, ie. payroll taxes less deductibles, to their host nations, on the condition that nation is a developing or least developed nation, and has a trustworthy plan for the equitable administration of relief. Earmarks for US Operations in Afghanistan are of greater value than the entire GDP of Afghanistan. Foreign military assistance is one of the most undesired forms of armed force, domestic and foreign military assistance is not tax deductible in the United States, nor is it accepted as official development assistance by the United Nations. Poverty is the principal financial concern of humanitarian missions. International relief is intended to overcome global disparities of
wealth by taxing wealthy nations for the benefit of poor nations to promote macroeconomic and fiscal stability, efficient resource allocation, transparent and market-oriented processes and sustainable private sector growth, through tax systems that are fair, objective, and efficiently gather sufficient revenues for both governmental operations and the social safety net.
8. President Barack H, Obama accepted the Nobel
Peace Prize on December 10, 2009 for his vision of a nuclear weapon free world
and his struggle to make friends rather than enemies.
Peace is a state of
harmony, defined as the absence of hostility. While
the economy may be elusive peace is a legitimate objective. The traditional political definition of peace and the very word itself
originated among the ancient Romans who defined peace, pax, as absentia
belli, the absence of war. This term
is applied to describe a cessation of or lapse in violent international
conflict; in this international context, peace is the opposite of war. The concept of peace also applies to the
state of people within their respective geopolitical entities, as civil war,
state-sponsored genocide, terrorism, and other violence are all threats to
peace. Peace can also describe a relationship between any parties characterized
by respect, justice, and goodwill. Since
the founding of the United Nations in 1945 the world has only seen 26 days
without war. War is a prolonged state of
violent, large-scale conflict involving two or more groups of people. War and armed conflicts in general are
traditionally brought to an end through the ratification of treaties of
peace. Although history is rife with
conflict, some peoples, regions and nations have enjoyed periods of peace that
have lasted generations, such as Sweden (1814–present), Switzerland
(1848–present) and Costa Rica (1949–present) who following in 1949 abolished
its army. Human rights and market-oriented
development creates the norms and values that explain the democratic peace. Belief in human rights may make people in
democracies reluctant to go to war, especially against other democracies. The
decline in colonialism is also a cause for peace.
9. The United States does not have to be at war. The United States needs to reclassify all their missions abroad as humanitarian missions make peace with the Middle East and Central Asia and mobilize African Command. The Iraq War turned into a disaster. Although initial reparations of $33 were the largest in international history and casualties were initially low, lengthy occupation and insurgent violence brought the toll up of excess death to as high as 650,000 in 2006 to nearly 1.3 million in 2009. The first mega-murder of the 21st century was caused by the United States and NATO. If we look back over this failing in pursuit of a moral we will find that having failed to equitably compensate Afghanistan for the 2001 invasion and then exhausting the “rent” of a foreign occupying power in Iraq after three years, injustice prevailed. Afghanistan is however enjoying one of the lowest rates of conflict since the King was deposed in the 1970s. Whereas the democratic election of the government of Afghanistan has earned the trust of the United States of America, once denied in 1988, it is time for a more equitable and self-sustaining economy based on official development assistance and income tax. International personnel making more than $10,000 annually shall pay both income taxes and taxes on corporate profits to the Treasury of Afghanistan for the benefit of the people of the developing nation. One third of all operating costs shall be taxed to encourage at least one third of all operational costs be invested in government approved public works. The most significant of these public works is the construction of a mountain highway connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan in exchange for the transfer of the Pashtun northern region of Pakistan, to Afghanistan in resolution of the Durand Line of 1893, when Pakistan was created in 1947 the division was highlighted once more. For peace in the Middle East and Central Asia the final institution of Arafat’s Constitution, the Supreme Court, will be constituted and their merit judgments translated, at cost, into English, Arabic and Hebrew on the Internet.
10. Winning the peace in the
Middle East and Central Asia (MECA) is necessary before African Command may be
given the okay to begin their humanitarian mission to the world’s most war
ravaged continent. Africa has seen 186
coups d'etat and 26 major wars in the past 50 years, about half of global
military conflicts. Some 2.8 million
refugees and fully half of the world's 24.6 million internally displaced people
are victims of conflict and upheaval in Africa.
When the United States begins to defend Africa equally, it is reasonable
to expect the improved aim of foreign military assistance will dramatically
decrease incidence of war, domestic violence and disease on that continent. The law of diminishing returns assures us
that effective and rational use of military resources in Africa where most of
the statistical violence and disease is, will result in a proportionally large
decrease in violence around the world. A
reduction in overall violence will result in a reduction in overall demand for
US military investment and intervention.
More efficient use of international human resources will inspire a more
balanced and temperant use of military resources; a reduction in the global demand
for military spending, a valuing of humanitarian assistance as official
development assistance, an economic recovery and without the cost of war, a
balance the budget. While the economy
may remain out of the control of a military dictator, world peace is an achievable
goal under President Barack H. Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. A Nobel Peace Prize is an auspicious
start. The United States must use of
their Security Council veto all Chapter VII authorizations of force and should
instead sponsor humanitarian missions that pay 1/3 of operating costs to the
Treasuries, of any developing democratic nation they occupy. By focusing on the legitimate objective of the
UN MDGs by 2015 the United States will reconcile the common good and individual
interest, and there will be peace. Mahatma Gandhi's conception of peace was
not as an end, but as a means: "There is no way to peace; peace is the
way."
Sanders, Tony J. Chapter 1 Military Democracy. Hospitals & Asylums. 9th Draft. 158 pgs. HA-7-12-09 www.title24uscode.org/MD.doc Test Questions www.title24uscode.org/mdtest.doc