Nations

Area

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

196

World ¹

3.6

3.9

2.9

6.3

8.9

1

Afghanistan

0.6

2.3

5.4

5.1

10.6

2

Albania

2.0

1.4

1.6

2.0

6.7

3

Algeria

3.5

2.0

2.4

7.2

9.3

4

Andorra ^a

5

Angola

19.6

17.1

21.0

23.8

23.8

6

Antigua & Barbuda

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.6

7.5

7

Argentina

34.3

53.5

42.0

48.4

72.4

8

Armenia

2.5

1.4

1.2

7.2

8.6

9

Australia

1.9

1.6

0.8

2.8

6.6

10

Austria

2.0

1.5

1.4

2.8

8.5

11

Azerbaijan

2.3

2.7

2.8

6.7

13.9

12

Bahamas

2.2

1.3

0.0

2.9

5.6

13

Bahrain

2.1

1.0

-2.3

-0.6

3.6

14

Bangladesh

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.3

7.7

15

Barbados

3.7

4.1

2.9

3.1

9.4

16

Belarus

4.9

5.6

5.5

9.5

15.2

17

Belgium

2.1

1.2

0.7

2.4

9.6

18

Belize

0.2

0.2

0.1

3.3

6.3

19

Benin

0.8

-0.9

3.0

5.9

1.4

20

Bhutan

2.7

2.6

5.6

7.3

5.6

21

Bolivia

2.3

1.8

0.9

0.7

1.7

22

Bosnia &  Herzegovina

1.3

0.6

-1.1

2.0

14.0

23

Botswana

3.2

2.8

1.9

7.2

11.7

24

Brazil

3.7

3.7

3.2

8.3

9.3

25

Brunei

0.2

-0.4

1.9

1.7

3.7

26

Bulgaria

2.8

2.5

1.7

2.8

15.3

27

Burkina Faso

2.0

-3.2

1.9

3.8

14.3

28

Burundi

-2.8

-0.7

7.3

8.3

18.8

29

Cabo Verde

1.3

1.1

0.6

1.9

8.0

30

Cambodia

2.4

2.0

2.9

2.9

5.3

31

Cameroon

1.1

2.5

2.4

2.3

6.2

32

Canada

2.3

1.9

0.7

3.4

6.8

33

Central-African Republic

1.6

2.7

2.3

4.3

5.6

34

Chad

4.3

-1.0

2.8

-0.8

5.8

35

Chile

2.4

2.3

3.0

4.5

11.6

36

China ²

2.1

2.9

2.4

0.9

2.0

37

Colombia

3.2

3.5

2.5

3.5

10.2

38

Comoros

1.8

3.7

3.0

-0.2

12.0

39

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

29.3

4.7

11.5

9.0

9.0

40

Congo, Republic of

1.2

2.2

2.5

2.0

3.0

41

Costa Rica

2.2

2.1

0.7

1.7

8.3

42

Cote d’Ivoire

0.4

0.8

2.4

4.1

5.3

43

Croatia

1.5

0.8

0.3

2.6

10.8

44

Cuba ^b

45

Cyprus

1.4

0.6

-0.6

0.5

8.4

46

Czechia

2.2

2.9

3.2

3.8

15.1

47

Denmark

0.8

0.7

0.4

1.9

7.7

48

Djibouti

0.2

3.3

2.9

1.2

5.2

49

Dominica

1.0

1.6

-0.3

1.6

7.5

50

Dominican Republic

3.6

1.8

3.8

8.2

8.8

51

Ecuador

-0.2

0.3

-0.3

0.1

3.5

52

Egypt

14.4

13.9

5.7

5.2

13.9

53

El Salvador

1.1

0.1

-0.4

3.5

7.2

54

Equatorial Guinea

1.1

1.2

4.8

-0.1

4.8

55

Eritrea

-14.4

-16.4

4.9

6.6

7.4

56

Estonia

3.4

2.3

-0.4

4.7

19.4

57

Eswatini

4.8

2.6

4.1

3.7

4.8

58

Ethiopia

13.8

15.8

20.4

26.8

34.0

59

Fiji

4.1

1.8

-2.6

-0.2

4.5

60

Finland

1.1

1.1

0.3

2.2

7.1

61

France

1.9

1.3

0.5

1.6

5.2

62

Gabon

4.8

2.0

1.4

1.1

4.2

63

Gambia

6.5

7.1

5.9

7.4

11.5

64

Georgia

2.6

4.9

5.2

9.6

11.9

65

Germany

1.7

1.3

0.5

3.1

6.9

66

Ghana

9.8

7.2

10.0

10.0

31.3

67

Greece

0.6

0.5

-1.2

1.2

9.6

68

Grenada

0.8

0.6

-0.7

1.2

2.7

69

Guatemala

3.8

3.7

3.2

4.3

6.9

70

Guinea

9.8

9.5

10.6

12.6

10.5

71

Guinea-Bissau

1.4

0.2

1.5

3.3

9.4

72

Guyana

1.3

2.1

0.7

3.3

6.0

73

Haiti

12.9

17.3

22.8

15.9

34.0

74

Honduras

4.3

4.4

3.5

4.5

9.1

75

Hungary

2.9

3.4

3.3

5.1

14.6

76

Iceland

2.7

3.0

2.8

4.4

8.3

77

India       

4.9

4.8

6.6

4.9

5.9

78

Indonesia

3.2

2.8

1.9

1.6

4.2

79

Iran

18.0

41.0

36.5

43.4

36.2

80

Iraq

0.6

-0.2

0.6

6.0

5.0

81

Ireland

0.5

0.9

-0.3

2.4

7.8

82

Israel

0.8

0.8

-0.6

1.5

4.4

83

Italy

1.1

0.6

-0.1

1.9

8.2

84

Jamaica

3.7

3.9

5.2

5.9

10.3

85

Japan

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.2

2.5

86

Jordan

4.5

0.7

0.3

1.3

4.2

87

Kazakhstan

6.0

5.2

6.7

8.0

14.4

88

Kenya

4.7

5.2

5.4

6.1

7.7

89

Kiribati

0.6

-1.9

2.5

3.0

5.3

90

Korea, North ^c

91

Korea, South

1.5

0.4

0.5

2.5

5.1

92

Kosovo

1.1

2.7

0.2

3.4

11.7

93

Kuwait

0.6

1.1

1.0

3.4

4.1

94

Kyrgyzstan

1.5

1.1

6.3

11.9

13.9

95

Laos

2.0

3.3

5.1

3.8

23.0

96

Latvia

2.5

2.7

0.2

3.3

17.3

97

Lebanon

6.1

2.9

84.9

154.8

189.4

98

Lesotho

4.0

5.2

5.0

6.0

8.3

99

Liberia

23.6

27.0

11.9

7.8

7.6

100

Libya

-1.2

4.6

22.3

2.8

4.5

101

Liechtenstein

0.9

0.4

-0.7

0.5

8.4

102

Lithuania

2.7

2.2

1.2

4.7

19.7

103

Luxembourg

1.5

1.7

0.8

2.5

6.3

104

Macedonia

1.5

0.8

1.2

3.2

14.2

105

Madagascar

7.3

5.6

4.2

5.8

8.2

106

Malawi

9.2

9.4

8.6

9.3

21.0

107

Malaysia

1.0

0.7

-1.1

2.5

3.4

108

Maldives

1.4

1.3

-1.4

0.5

2.3

109

Mali

1.7

-2.9

0.4

3.9

9.8

110

Malta

1.2

1.5

0.6

1.5

6.2

111

Marshall Islands

0.8

1.2

0.6

2.6

6.2

112

Mauritania

3.1

2.3

2.4

3.8

9.5

113

Mauritius

3.2

0.5

2.6

4.0

10.8

114

Mexico

4.9

3.6

3.4

5.7

7.9

115

Micronesia

1.5

1.9

0.5

2.1

5.4

116

Moldova

3.1

4.8

3.8

5.1

28.7

117

Monaco ^d

1.0

1.3

2.8

1.4

2.9

118

Mongolia

6.8

7.3

3.7

7.1

15.1

119

Montenegro

2.6

0.4

-0.3

2.4

13.0

120

Morocco

1.8

0.2

0.7

1.4

6.7

121

Mozambique

3.9

2.8

3.6

5.7

10.3

122

Myanmar

6.0

8.6

6.1

5.0

16.2

123

Namibia

4.3

3.7

2.2

3.6

6.1

124

Nauru

0.5

4.3

0.9

1.2

2.6

125

Nepal

4.2

4.6

5.1

3.6

7.6

126

Netherlands

1.7

2.7

1.3

2.7

10.0

127

New Zealand

1.6

1.6

1.7

3.9

7.2

128

Nicaragua

4.9

5.4

3.7

4.9

10.5

129

Niger

3.0

-2.5

2.8

3.8

4.2

130

Nigeria

12.1

11.4

13.2

17.0

18.5

131

Norway

2.8

2.2

1.3

3.5

5.8

132

Oman

0.9

0.1

-0.9

1.5

2.8

133

Pakistan

5.1

6.7

9.7

9.5

19.9

134

Palau

1.6

0.6

0.2

0.5

12.4

135

Palestine

-0.2

1.8

-0.7

1.2

3.7

136

Panama

0.8

-0.4

-1.6

1.6

2.9

137

Papua New Guinea

4.7

3.7

3.4

4.5

5.3

138

Paraguay

4.0

2.8

1.8

4.8

9.8

139

Peru

1.3

2.1

1.8

4.3

8.3

140

Philippines

6.3

2.5

2.6

3.9

5.8

141

Poland

1.8

2.3

3.4

5.1

14.3

142

Portugal

1.0

0.3

0.0

1.3

7.8

143

Qatar

0.2

-0.6

-2.5

2.3

5.0

144

Romania

4.6

3.8

2.6

5.0

13.8

145

Russia

2.9

4.5

3.4

6.7

11.5

146

Rwanda

1.4

2.4

9.9

-0.4

17.7

147

Saint Kitts & Nevis

-0.2

-0.2

-0.6

0.2

2.7

148

Saint Lucia

2.0

0.5

0.3

2.4

6.4

149

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

1.2

0.9

-0.6

1.6

5.7

150

Samoa

4.2

2.2

-1.6

-3.0

11.0

151

San Marino

1.7

1.0

0.2

0.8

7.1

152

Sao Tome and Principe

7.9

8.4

7.9

8.1

18.0

153

Saudi Arabia

2.5

-2.1

3.4

3.1

2.5

154

Senegal

0.5

1.0

2.5

2.2

9.7

155

Serbia

2.0

1.9

1.6

4.1

12.0

156

Seychelles

3.7

1.8

3.9

9.8

2.6

157

Sierra Leone

16.0

14.8

13.4

11.9

27.2

158

Singapore

0.5

0.6

-0.2

2.3

6.1

159

Slovakia

2.5

2.8

1.9

3.1

12.8

160

Slovenia

1.7

1.6

-0.1

1.9

8.8

161

Solomon Islands

2.7

1.8

3.0

-0.1

5.5

162

Somalia ^e

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.6

6.8

163

South Africa

4.5

4.1

3.2

4.6

7.0

164

Spain

1.7

0.7

-0.3

3.1

8.4

165

Sri Lanka

2.1

4.3

6.2

7.0

44.9

166

Sudan

63.3

51.0

17,088

359.1

138.8

167

Sudan, South

83.5

51.2

29.7

30.2

-6.7

168

Suriname

6.9

4.4

49.8

59.1

52.4

169

Sweden

2.0

1.6

0.5

2.2

8.4

170

Switzerland

0.9

0.4

-0.7

0.6

2.8

171

Syria ^f

172

Taiwan ^g

1.4

0.6

-0.3

2.0

3.0

173

Tajikstan

3.8

7.8

8.6

8.9

6.6

174

Tanzania

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.7

4.4

175

Thailand

1.1

0.7

-0.8

1.2

6.1

176

Timor-Leste

2.3

1.0

0.5

3.8

7.0

177

Togo

0.9

0.7

1.8

4.6

8.0

178

Tonga

2.9

3.3

0.2

1.4

11.0

179

Trinidad & Tobago

1.0

1.0

0.6

2.1

5.5

180

Tunisia

7.3

6.7

5.6

5.7

8.3

181

Turkey

16.3

15.2

12.3

19.6

72.3

182

Turkmenistan

13.3

5.1

7.6

15.0

11.5

183

Tuvalu

2.1

2.2

1.6

2.9

11.5

184

Uganda

2.6

2.9

3.8

2.2

7.2

185

Ukraine

10.9

7.9

2.7

9.4

20.2

186

United Arab Emirates

3.1

-1.9

-2.1

0.2

4.8

187

United Kingdom

2.3

1.8

1.0

2.5

7.9

188

United States

2.4

1.8

1.2

4.7

8.0

189

Uruguay

7.6

7.9

9.8

7.7

9.1

190

Uzbekistan

17.7

14.5

12.9

10.7

11.4

191

Vanuatu

2.3

2.7

2.9

2.3

4.6

192

Venezuela

65,373

19,906

2,355

1,589

201

193

Vietnam

3.5

2.8

3.2

1.8

3.2

194

Yemen

27.6

10.0

26.2

45.7

29.1

195

Zambia

7.5

9.8

15.7

22.0

11.0

196

Zimbabwe

10.6

255

557

99

105